Does God Have Limits? Two Philosophers Discuss
InspiringPhilosophy
apologetics
February 20, 2026
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Philip Goff vs. Joshua Sijuwade: Limited God vs Classical Theism, Panpsychism, and Theosis
The host welcomes philosophers Dr. Joshua Sijuwade (philosophy of religion, University of Birmingham; Eastern Orthodox) and Dr. Philip Goff (Durham University; known for defending panpsychism) for a discussion comparing models of God and how they relate to the Christian idea of theosis.
00:00 Welcome
00:17 Meet the Guests: Joshua & Philip Goff
02:48 Today’s Agenda: Limited God vs Classical Theism + Theosis
04:04 Philip’s Journey Back to Faith (Problem of Evil, Fine-Tuning, Panpsychism)
07:07 Why Theosis Resonates: Mysticism, Orthodoxy, and a ‘Heretical’ Christianity
10:10 Joshua’s Classical Theism Setup: Omnipotence, Omniscience, Creatorhood
11:38 Objection 1: Can a Limited God Be Coherent with Omniscience & Creation?
15:27 Philip Clarifies the Limits: ‘Create from Simplicity’ and Physics Constraints
26:12 Data vs Parsimony: Fitting Evil and Fine-Tuning Without Ad Hoc Moves
28:19 Fundamentality & Brute Facts: Is Limited Power Compatible with God as Ground?
38:03 Christianity Under Limited Power: Incarnation/Resurrection Challenges
40:32 Joshua’s Exemplary Theodicy Preview: Suffering, Moral Exemplars, Co-Creation
45:52 Is the ‘limited God’ move premature? New book tackling evil & hiddenness
47:30 Rights-based (deontological) problem of evil: can God impose suffering?
49:07 Pre-existence (Origen) as a rights solution + hard questions (evolution, animals)
51:41 Creative flourishing theodicy: why God may permit suffering
54:46 Animal minds, moral subjects, and a less ‘red in tooth and claw’ evolution
01:00:43 Theosis explained: union with God and why it fits limited-power theism
01:05:44 Can a limited God guarantee theosis? Universalism, uncertainty, and hope
01:17:26 Is limited-power theism really ‘Christian’? Creeds, tradition, and development
01:24:12 Wrap-up, plugs, and audience Q&A (Trinity clarification + superchats)
01:31:42 Final thanks
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